10 Functions of Mitochondria Simple And Its Structures

Here we discuss the Functions of Mitochondria Simple – Mitochondria have two membranes, one outer membrane and an inner membrane with deep inner folds. The inner membrane is impermeable to most molecules and surrounds the vacuum containing the mitochondrial matrix.

Mitochondria the power plants for cells, which break down nutrients and produce energy. The matrix plays a vital role in power generation because it is where the citric acid or Krebs cycle occurs. The matrix is a dense sticky substance and also contains the DNA of the ribosome and mitochondrial DNA.

Mitochondria Structure

Functions of Mitochondria

Citric Acid Cycle

Mitochondria produce energy for cells by breaking down nutrients in food into high-energy molecules called adenosine triphosphate or ATP. The first step in cell metabolism occurs in the cytosol, and nutrients derived from glucose converted into pyruvate molecules. The pyruvate transferred to the mitochondrial matrix. The mitochondrial matrix contains citric acid enzymes and chemicals, which is the first stage of mitochondrial energy production.

The pyruvate oxidized to acetyl-CoA, enters the citric acid cycle, and metabolized in carbon dioxide, NADH, and FADH2. Fatty acids transferred from the cytosol of the cell to the mitochondrial matrix and enter the citric acid cycle after being oxidized to the acetyl-CoA. Next, NADH and FADH used by an electronic transmission system embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane to generate ATP that meets the needs of the cell.

What is the function of cristae in mitochondria?

Mitochondrial DNA

The matrix also contains mitochondrial DNA, which makes the mitochondria partially independent. Circular DNA mitochondria, such as bacterial DNA. It contains only 37 genes, some of which encode the enzymes required for cellular energy or ATP production, while others are DNA RNA genes.

Many proteins required by the synthesis and frequency of mitochondria and enzymes in energy production not encoded by mitochondrial DNA, but by genes in the nucleus. Mitochondrial gene mutations can cause a variety of diseases, such as Leper genetic optic neuropathy, which can cause blindness in humans.

Mitochondrial RNA

The mitochondrial matrix contains all the mechanisms needed to translate all genes in the mitochondrial genome into functional proteins. Genetic materials translated into ribosome molecules or complexes from RNA transport, t-RNA, ribosomal RNA, r-RNA. This RNA uses a genetic code that is slightly different from the cytoplasmic RNA. The mitochondrial DNA encodes only about 22 R-R, but these are the only RNAs that can translate mitochondrial RNA (M RNA) into proteins.

Matrix Proteins

Most of the proteins in the mitochondrial matrix not derived from the mitochondrial genes but from the nuclear genes. Proteins transferred from the cytoplasm through the outer and inner membranes to the matrix. They include ribosome proteins, proteins required for mitochondrial replication and transcription, enzymes for the citric acid cycle, and some proteins that play a role in the electronic transport chain of the inner mitochondrial membrane.

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